Located in the historic city of Thanjavur (Tanjore) in Tamil Nadu, the Brihadisvara Temple stands as a remarkable monument to the architectural, artistic, and spiritual excellence of the Chola dynasty. Also referred to as Rajarajesvaram, Peruvudaiyar Temple, or Thanjai Periya Kovil, this UNESCO World Heritage Site epitomizes the grandeur of early 11th-century South India. More than a place of worship, it represents the Chola rulers’ exceptional achievements in engineering, art, and culture—an enduring symbol of their legacy that continues to inspire awe to this day.
Historic Background
Dravidian Architectural Marvels
Sculptures
The temple’s walls and halls are adorned with intricate carvings of deities, guardians, and scenes from Hindu mythology. One of the most remarkable features is the representation of 81 of the 108 dance karanas from the Natya Shastra, carved on the upper storey corridor walls. Murals depicting religious and royal themes enhance the aesthetic appeal, although many have faded or undergone restoration over time.
A highlight of the complex is the monolithic Nandi, carved from a single granite block, measuring about 12 feet high and 20 feet long. Various mandapas (halls), prakara (enclosure walls), and gopurams (gateways) complement the temple’s grandeur, creating an environment of architectural harmony and devotional significance.
Brihadisvara Temple is rich in cosmological symbolism, with its vimana representing Mount Meru and the garbhagriha housing the lingam of Lord Shiva, a focal point of worship. The temple also served as a cultural hub, supporting music, dance, art, and scholarship during the Chola period. Festivals, rituals, and daily worship continue to make the temple a vibrant center of religious and cultural activity
Lord Shiva in Brihadisvara Temple: The Eternal Presence
At the core of the Brihadisvara Temple stands the magnificent Shiva Lingam, housed within the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum). Revered as Peruvudaiyar or Rajarajesvaram Udaiyar, this sacred representation of Lord Shiva is one of the largest and most venerated lingams in South India. 
Rising to nearly 3.7 meters (12 feet) in height, it embodies the infinite and formless essence of Shiva—the Supreme Consciousness that transcends all dimensions of time and space.
The Lingam is mounted on a grand circular Avudaiyar (base), symbolizing Shakti, the divine feminine energy. Together, the Lingam and Avudaiyar represent the eternal union of Shiva and Shakti, reflecting the cosmic harmony of creation and dissolution. Devotees believe that offering prayers here bestows spiritual awakening, inner strength, and liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Unlike many other temples where Shiva is shown in human-like forms, the Brihadisvara Temple focuses on the Lingam, highlighting the Lord’s limitless and formless nature. Yet, the temple walls are alive with sculptures and carvings that bring Shiva’s many aspects to life — from Nataraja, the cosmic dancer, to Dakshinamurti, the divine teacher, and Tripurantaka, the destroyer of evil.Nataraja, featured in the temple’s niches and walls, captures Shiva in his iconic dance, a delicate balance of creation and destruction in perfect rhythm.On the southern wall, Dakshinamurti stands as the ultimate teacher, silently sharing wisdom with his disciples seated below.Tripurantaka, carved on the western wall, represents Shiva’s victory over the three cities of illusion, a reminder of cosmic order restored.These sculptures are far more than decorative art. Each gesture, expression, and intricate detail reflects deeper spiritual truths — serenity, power, compassion, and transcendence — inviting visitors to connect with the divine in all its forms.
As part of the Great Living Chola Temples, Brihadisvara Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Managed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), ongoing preservation efforts include mural restoration, structural repairs, and visitor facility improvements. Tourists can explore the courtyard, admire sculptures, walk the prakara, and witness rituals, especially during festivals. Despite challenges such as weathering and visitor pressure, the temple’s grandeur remains largely intact, drawing history enthusiasts and pilgrims from around the world.
Visiting the temple
Located in Thanjavur (Tanjore), the temple is accessible by road and rail. Visitors are advised to arrive early in the morning to enjoy the architecture in natural light and avoid heat. Key sights include the vimana, Nandi pavilion, murals, sculptures, and the circumambulatory corridors. Respectful photography is allowed in many areas, although certain sections may have restrictions. The temple continues to serve as a living space for worship while offering an unforgettable experience of Chola heritage to tourists.
Planning a visit to Brihadeeswara Temple? You’ve got options! If you’re hopping off a train, Thanjavur (Tanjore) railway station is just 2 km away — a quick rickshaw or cab ride will get you there in no time. Coming by bus? The temple is about 5 km from the Thanjavur New Bus Stand.
Flying in from afar? No worries! The nearest airport is in Trichy (Thiruchirapalli), roughly an hour’s drive, making it super convenient to add this magnificent temple to your itinerary.
Few options to plan your spiritual journey